See all the gerund and infinitive exercises here heres my video on the subject. One just has to memorize or refer to lists such as this one. It can take on the role of a subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition. Gerunds can also take complements direct objects, predicate nouns and modifiers adjectives, adverbs. Gerunds can serve as an object after a preposition. Page 1 of 3 gerunds and infinitives doing what noun phrases do. In the first example, writing is a gerund used as the subject of the sentence. Gerunds and infinitives part 3 put the verb into the gerund or the infinitive with to. However, it is more common to use the gerund if we are talking about the beginning of a long or habitual activity, but this form. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund has. He feels that singing well is impossible without lengthy training. Underline the gerund or gerund phrases in the sentences below.
Then identify the function of each one subject, subject complement, noun complement, adjective complement, direct object, or object of preposition. Gerund is defined as a verbal form that functions as a verbal noun. In sentences, gerunds and gerund phrases may be used anywhere nouns may do be used. Since gerunds are derived from verbs and have an ing ending, they do express action. Knowing which verbs or phrases are followed by gerunds, infinitives or either can be a difficult task. A gerund phrase is a phrase consisting of a gerund and any modifiers or objects associated with it. Gerund phrases always function as nouns, so they will be subjects, subject complements, or objects in the sentence. Then on the line before each sentence, identify how the gerund or gerund phrase is used by writing s for subject, p. Underline the gerunds or gerund phrases in the following sentences and label how they function in the sentence subject, direct object, subject complement, object of preposition. Underline the gerund phrases in the sentences below. Is the gerund subject or object in the sentence in an exercise. Gerunds are formed when an ing ending is added to a verb, and every infinitive is composed of to plus a verb. A gerund is one of three classes of words called verbals words based on verbs and expressing an action or a state of being but serving another grammatical function. A gerund phrase will begin with a gerund, an ing word, and will include other modifiers andor objects.
First, a gerund phrase begins with a gerundof course. English esl gerund worksheets most downloaded 286 results. Gerunds and other verbals be careful not to confuse gerunds with participles. The other words in a gerund phrase may be modifiers, such as prepositional phrases, objects, etc. Gerunds and infinitives some important rules the form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun. Page 3 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles exercise on gerunds. Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds. It can be a little difficult to know when to use gerunds and infinitives. Words derived from verbs are known as verbals and may take modifiers, objects, and complements to form verbal phrases a gerund phrase uses the ing form of the verb to function as a noun.
Gerund and infinitive phrases the university of texas at dallas. The gerund phrase is the subject of the verb takes. Like nouns, gerunds can be the subject, object or complement of a sentence. In pairs or small groups, students talk about the questions in the boxes, paying special attention to the verb pattern normally infiniti. Gerunds can work alone, or they can be banded together with other words to formulate a gerund phrase. However, because gerunds function as nouns, they occupy slots traditionally held by nouns in sentences such as subjects, direct objects and objects of prepositions. A gerund is a verb form ending in ing that is used as a noun. In other languages, specifically dutch, italian, or russian, it is a verbal form that is similar to a present.
Gerund phrases always function as nouns, so they will be. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and another word or other words. Unlike a normal noun, a gerund maintains some verblike properties for example, a gerund can take a direct object and be modified with an adverb. Occasionally, a word preceding a gerund describes the gerund and will be part of the phrase. Is the gerund in the following sentencesquestions used as a subject, object or as a complement. Gerunds can be the subject of a sentence, a direct object, and the object of a preposition. In the middle of the semester, his history professor gave out an assignment, due in two weeks. More specifically, a gerund is an action word verb that is acting as a noun. Second of three ppts where students have to complete the verbs using the correct form, gerund or infinitive. A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech, usually a noun.
Which functions of gerunds and infinitives are most common in this selection. Introduce verbals and verbal phrases to your students with this verbals teaching bundle. A gerund is a verbal, which is a nonverb created from a verb. A whole gerund phrase functions in a sentence just like a noun, and can act as a subject, an object, or a predicate nominative. The gerund phrase the gerund phrase consists of the gerund, which always ends in ing, and its modifiers and complements. Gerund phrases generally end at the next punctuation mark, the next verb, or the direct object. After prepositions i drank a cup of coffee before leaving. Dec 03, 20 gerunds as subject, object or complement try to think of gerunds as verbs in noun form. Nov 09, 2009 g erunds looks like a verb, acts like a noun always ends in ing. Gerund and infinitive phrases university of texas at dallas. Loafing at the local drugstore sometimes seems a waste of. Unlike a gerund, which always functions as a noun, a participle is the form of a. Page 1 of 3 gerunds and infinitives doing what noun. Because their function is that of a noun, gerunds may be used as the subject of a sentence.
He was rather a lazy student, and he tended to avoid work whenever he could. Gerund and infinitive pdf worksheets english vocabulary. A gerund is a noun made from a verb root plus ing a present participle. Gerunds and infinitives yuri was in his first year at university, studying history. Jan 19, 2017 gerund is a term for a noun formed from a verb.
It can take on the role of a subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of. Then identify the gerund s function in the sentence as subject, direct object, subjective complement,object of preposition, or appositive. However, it is more common to use the gerund if we are talking about the beginning of a long or habitual activity, but this form is not used after a progressive form of begin or start. A gerund is a verbal that ends in zing and acts as a noun. In the study of english grammar, the terms gerund and gerund phrase are some things youll need to know about if you want to master the language. Gerund phrases a gerund phrase consists of a gerund an ing form of a verb, its modifiers, and its complements. Gerunds as subject, object or complement try to think of gerunds as verbs in noun form. Gerund phrases a gerund phrase is a gerund with modifiers or a complement, all acting together.
Gerund and infinitive phrases gerunds and infinitives are both verbals. This bundle contains an a pdf file with student resources, a verbals mini flip book, and an editable powerpoint presentation, comprehensive verbals teaching unit that includes an interactive, animated, an editab. The word gerund originated from the latin word gerundium, from gerundus which means to be carried out, with a future passive participle form of gerundive of gero which translates to carry, bear. A gerund is a verb that ends in ing, whereas a gerund phrase is the same thing but with modifiers or complements added in. In this bundle, you will have access to an introductory powerpoint in ppt and pdf forms that covers what gerunds are, what gerund phrases are, what characteristics they have, and what the 6 functions of gerunds can be. Gerunds and infinitives 333 exercise 1 read the following text and underline all gerunds and infinitives. The gerund phrase is the object of the preposition after. In other languages, specifically dutch, italian, or russian, it is a verbal form that is similar to a present participle, but it functions as an adverb to form adverbial phrases or continuous tenses. Like a regular gerund, a gerund phrase always functions as a noun, and can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, or predicate nominative in a sentence. Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb. Identifying gerunds underline the gerunds or gerund phrases in the.
Begin and start can be followed by gerund or infinitive structures usually with no real difference of meaning. Page 2 of 3 gerunds and infinitives doing what noun phrases do cloze exercise. Running is a gerund, a direct object of the action verb, enjoy. The same spelling rules that apply to the progressive tenses also apply to gerunds. Gerunds and infinitives pdf documents and notes lessons for. Writing compositions proved highly beneficial to the students. A gerund phrase will begin with a gerund, an ing word, and will include other modifiers and or objects. Running is a participle adjective modifying the noun, water. A gerund, which functions as a noun, can consist of a single word or a phrase. The gerund phrase is the direct object of finished. Underline the gerunds or gerund phrases in the following sentences. Gerunds plus their complements andor modifiers are called gerund phrases.
A gerund is a verb in its ing present participle form that functions as a noun that names an activity rather than a person or thing. A gerund phrase consists of the gerund with its modifiers and complements. In the second sentence, writing begins a gerund phrase that is the subject of the sentence. Apr 06, 2020 in the study of english grammar, the terms gerund and gerund phrase are some things youll need to know about if you want to master the language. But, like a verb, a gerund can also have an object itself. English esl gerunds and infinitives powerpoint presentations. The introductory minilesson also has a builtin class exercise for each of the 6 functions of gerunds and gerund phrases. Verbals gerunds, participles, infinitives gerunds a gerund is a verbal that ends in ing and functions as a noun. Then identify the gerund s function in the sentence as subject, direct object, subjective complement,object of preposition. Some verbs and verb phrases are directly followed a gerund. It is formed from the verb run, it ends in ing, and it is functioning as a noun. Gi003 gerund or infinitive fill in the correct form intermediate. Gerunds can be replaced with thisthat or someonesomething. Gerund and infinitive worksheets are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results.